1 Kings 21:20

Authorized King James Version

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And Ahab said to Elijah, Hast thou found me, O mine enemy? And he answered, I have found thee: because thou hast sold thyself to work evil in the sight of the LORD.

Original Language Analysis

וַיֹּ֣אמֶר And he answered H559
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר And he answered
Strong's: H559
Word #: 1 of 14
to say (used with great latitude)
אַחְאָב֙ And Ahab H256
אַחְאָב֙ And Ahab
Strong's: H256
Word #: 2 of 14
achab, the name of a king of israel and of a prophet at babylon
אֶל H413
אֶל
Strong's: H413
Word #: 3 of 14
near, with or among; often in general, to
אֵ֣לִיָּ֔הוּ to Elijah H452
אֵ֣לִיָּ֔הוּ to Elijah
Strong's: H452
Word #: 4 of 14
elijah, the name of the famous prophet and of two other israelites
מָצָ֔אתִי Hast thou found H4672
מָצָ֔אתִי Hast thou found
Strong's: H4672
Word #: 5 of 14
properly, to come forth to, i.e., appear or exist; transitively, to attain, i.e., find or acquire; figuratively, to occur, meet or be present
אֹֽיְבִ֑י me O mine enemy H341
אֹֽיְבִ֑י me O mine enemy
Strong's: H341
Word #: 6 of 14
hating; an adversary
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר And he answered H559
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר And he answered
Strong's: H559
Word #: 7 of 14
to say (used with great latitude)
מָצָ֔אתִי Hast thou found H4672
מָצָ֔אתִי Hast thou found
Strong's: H4672
Word #: 8 of 14
properly, to come forth to, i.e., appear or exist; transitively, to attain, i.e., find or acquire; figuratively, to occur, meet or be present
יַ֚עַן H3282
יַ֚עַן
Strong's: H3282
Word #: 9 of 14
properly, heed; by implication, purpose (sake or account); used adverbially to indicate the reason or cause
הִתְמַכֶּרְךָ֔ thee because thou hast sold H4376
הִתְמַכֶּרְךָ֔ thee because thou hast sold
Strong's: H4376
Word #: 10 of 14
to sell, literally (as merchandise, a daughter in marriage, into slavery), or figuratively (to surrender)
לַֽעֲשׂ֥וֹת thyself to work H6213
לַֽעֲשׂ֥וֹת thyself to work
Strong's: H6213
Word #: 11 of 14
to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application
הָרַ֖ע evil H7451
הָרַ֖ע evil
Strong's: H7451
Word #: 12 of 14
bad or (as noun) evil (natural or moral)
בְּעֵינֵ֥י in the sight H5869
בְּעֵינֵ֥י in the sight
Strong's: H5869
Word #: 13 of 14
an eye (literally or figuratively); by analogy, a fountain (as the eye of the landscape)
יְהוָֽה׃ of the LORD H3068
יְהוָֽה׃ of the LORD
Strong's: H3068
Word #: 14 of 14
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god

Analysis & Commentary

And Ahab said to Elijah, Hast thou found me, O mine enemy? And he answered, I have found thee: because thou hast sold thyself to work evil in the sight of the LORD.

This verse contributes to the broader narrative of naboth's vineyard, within the book's focus on prophetic ministry of Elijah confronting Baalism. The prophetic office represents God's faithful witness even in apostasy, calling His people back to covenant faithfulness.

The Hebrew text reveals nuances important for understanding this passage's contribution to 1 Kings' theological message about kingship, covenant, and faithfulness to Yahweh. This verse demonstrates the consequences when God's people—especially their leaders—either follow or forsake the covenant established at Sinai.

Historical Context

First Kings was written during or after the Babylonian exile (6th century BCE), reflecting on the monarchy period (10th-9th centuries BCE) to explain why the kingdoms fell. Elijah's ministry (c. 860-850 BCE) occurred during Ahab's reign, a time of intense spiritual crisis in Israel.

Ancient Near Eastern kingship ideology viewed kings as divine representatives responsible for maintaining cosmic order through right worship. Archaeological discoveries from sites like Megiddo, Hazor, and Samaria confirm the historical reliability of 1 Kings' descriptions of building projects and administrative structures.

Questions for Reflection

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